用于蛋白質(zhì)化學(xué)修飾的pictet-spengler連接反應(yīng)的制作方法
【專利說明】用于蛋白質(zhì)化學(xué)修飾的PICTET-SPENGLER連接反應(yīng)
[0001] 相關(guān)申請(qǐng)的交叉引用
[0002] 根據(jù)35U.S.C. § 119(e),本申請(qǐng)要求2012年11月16日提交的美國(guó)臨時(shí)專利申請(qǐng) 61/727, 501的優(yōu)先權(quán),通過引用將所述申請(qǐng)的全部?jī)?nèi)容并入本文。
[0003] 關(guān)于聯(lián)邦政府在所贊助的研宄或開發(fā)獲得的發(fā)明中的權(quán)利的聲明
[0004] 本發(fā)明是在美國(guó)政府的支持下作出的,由國(guó)家衛(wèi)生研宄所資助,授權(quán)編號(hào) GM59907。美國(guó)政府在本發(fā)明中具有某些權(quán)利。
[0005] 發(fā)明背景 [0006] 引言
[0007] 用于蛋白質(zhì)修飾的反應(yīng)方法學(xué)在數(shù)十年來一直是一個(gè)活躍的研宄領(lǐng) 域。早期的策略集中在原始氨基酸的全面修飾,提供了獲得各種經(jīng)修飾的產(chǎn)物的途 徑(Glazer AN(1970), "Specific Chemical Modification of Proteins",Annu. Rev. Biochem. 39 (I) : 101-130)。然而,各種應(yīng)用要求蛋白質(zhì)的位點(diǎn)特異性修飾:生 物物理學(xué)研宄需要知道連接報(bào)道分子的位點(diǎn)(Michalet X、Weiss S、& J^ger M(2006), "Single-Molecule Fluorescence Studies of Protein Folding and Conformational Dynamics",Chem. Rev. 106 (5) : 1785-1813),制備蛋白質(zhì)微陣列和功能 材料需要在特定取向上的固定(Wong LS、Khan F、&Micklefield J(2009), "Selective Covalent Protein ImmobiIization :Strategies and App Iicat ions",Chem. Rev. 109 (9) : 4025-4053),以及蛋白質(zhì)藥物與聚(乙二醇)或細(xì)胞毒素分子的綴合,其 中化學(xué)修飾的位點(diǎn)影響所得到的生物制品的藥代動(dòng)力學(xué)和治療學(xué)性能(Shen B-Q.等 人(2012), "Conjugation site modulates the in vivo stability and therapeutic activity of antibody-drug conjugates",Nat. Biotechnol.30(2):184-189 ;Cho H 等人(2011), "Optimized clinical performance of growth hormone with an expanded genetic code",Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108 (22):9060-9065)。因此,該 領(lǐng)域近年來開發(fā)了用以實(shí)現(xiàn)蛋白質(zhì)的位點(diǎn)特異性修飾的方法,通常涉及引入表現(xiàn)出生 物正交反應(yīng)性的非原始官能團(tuán)(Sletten EM&Bertozzi CR(2009),"Bioorthogonal Chemistry:Fishing for Selectivity in a Sea of Functionality",Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48(38):6974-6998 ;Stephanopoulos N&Francis MB(2011), "Choosing an effective protein bioconjugation strategy",Nat. Chem. Biol.7 (12):876-884)〇
[0008] 醛類和酮類是用于位點(diǎn)特異性蛋白質(zhì)修飾化學(xué)操作的流行選擇。它們作為溫和 的親電子試劑的獨(dú)特反應(yīng)性使得能夠進(jìn)行與α-效應(yīng)親核試劑如取代的肼和烷氧基胺的 選擇性綴合,分別生成腙和月虧-連接的產(chǎn)物(Jencks WP (1964), "Simple Carbonyl Group Reactions",Prog. Phys. Org. Chem. 2:63-128)。已經(jīng)開發(fā)了多種化學(xué)方法、酶促方法和遺 傳學(xué)方法將醛和酮類以位點(diǎn)特異性的方式引入蛋白質(zhì)。這些方法包括N末端絲氨酸或蘇氨 酸殘基的高碘酸鹽氧化(Geoghegan KF&Stroh JG(1992), "Site-Directed Conjugation of Nonpeptide Groups to Peptides and Proteins Via Periodate-Oxidation of a 2-Amino Alcohol-Application to Modification at N-Terminal Serine", Bioconjugate Chem. 3 (2) : 138-146);用以得到α -酮酰胺或乙二醛肟酰胺的磷酸吡哆醛-介導(dǎo) 的 N 末端轉(zhuǎn)氨基作用(Gilmore JM、Scheck RA、Esser-Kahn AP、Joshi NS、&Francis MB (2006),"N-Terminal Protein Modification through a Biomimetic Transamination Reaction",Angew.Chem. Int. Ed. 45 (32) :5307-5311 ;Scheck RA、Dedeo MT、Iavarone AT、 &Francis MB(2008),"Optimization of a Biomimetic Transamination Reaction",J. Am.Chem.Soc.l30 (35):11762-11770;Witus LS.等人(2010),"Identification of Highly Reactive Sequences For PLP-Mediated Bioconjugation Using a Combinatorial Peptide Library",J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 (47) : 16812-16817 ;Witus LS&Francis M(2009), uSite-Specific Protein Bioconjugation via a Pyridoxal 5'-Phosphate-Mediated N-Terminal Transamination Reaction'',Current Protocols in Chemical Biology,(John Wiley&Sons,Inc);為通過表達(dá)蛋白質(zhì)連接生成的蛋白質(zhì)C-末端 硫醋添加包含酮的小分子(Esser-Kahn AP&Francis MB(2008),"Protein-Cross-Linked Polymeric Materials through Site-SelectiveBioconjugation^ , Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47(20) :3751-3754);通過琥珀終止密碼子抑制進(jìn)行的包含酮的非天然氨基酸的遺傳 編碼并入(Wang L、Zhang Z、Brock A、&Schultz PG(2003),"Addition of the keto functional group to the genetic code of Escherichia coli ^ , Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100(1):56-61 ;Hutchins BM.等人(2011),"Selective Formation of Covalent Protein Heterodimers with an Unnatural Amino Acid'',Chem. Biol. 18(3) :299-303 ;Kim CH 等人(2012),"Synthesis of Bispecific Antibodies using Genetically Encoded Unnatural Amino Acids",J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(24):9918-9921);指導(dǎo)帶有酸或酮的小分 子的酶促連接反應(yīng)的肽標(biāo)簽的遺傳編碼(Rashidian M、Song JM、Pricer RE、&Distefano MD(2012),"Chemoenzymatic Reversible Immobilization and Labeling of Proteins without Prior Purification^, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134(20) :8455-8467 ;Chen KHowarth Lin W、&Ting AY(2005),"Site-specific labeling of cell surface proteins with biophysical probes using biotin ligase",Nat. Methods 2(2):99-104);以及用于通 過甲酰甘氨酸生成酶(FGE)進(jìn)行修飾的位點(diǎn)的遺傳編碼,在我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)室開發(fā)的"醛標(biāo) 簽"方法(Carrico IS、Carlson BL、&Bertozzi CR(2007),"Introducing genetically encoded aldehydes into proteins",Nat. Chem. Biol. 3 (6) :321-322 ;Wu P.等人 (2009), uSite_specific chemical modification of recombinant proteins produced in mammalian cells by using the genetically encoded aldehyde tag'',Proc. Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 106:3000-3005;Hudak JE、Yu HH、&Bertozzi CR(2011),"Protein Glycoengineering Enabled by the Versatile Synthesis of Aminooxy Glycans and the Genetically Encoded Aldehyde Tag",J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(40):16127-16135) ;Hudak JE 等人(2012),"Synthesis of Heterobifunctional Protein Fusions Using Copper-Free Click Chemistry and the Aldehyde Tag",Angew. Chem. Int. Ed 51 (17) :4161-4165 ;Shi X.等人(2012),"Quantitative fluorescence labeling of aldehyde-tagged proteins for singlemolecule imaging",Nat. Methods 9 (5):499-503 ;Rabuka D、Rush JS、deHart GW、Wu P、&Bertozzi CR(2012),"Site-specific chemical protein conjugation using genetically encoded aldehyde tags",Nat. Protoc. 7(6):1052-1067) 〇
[0009] 用于將反應(yīng)性羰基引入到蛋白質(zhì)中的方法的多樣性與已經(jīng)廣泛用于它們的化學(xué) 修飾的反應(yīng)的有限數(shù)目形成鮮明對(duì)比。大多數(shù)的報(bào)道使用了上述的形成腙和肟的反應(yīng), 是因?yàn)樗鼈兊纳镎恍?、操作的?jiǎn)單性(即,不需要輔助試劑)、以及在溫和的含水條件 下的良好收率。然而,得到的C = N鍵容易受到水解的影響(Mueller BM、Wrasidlo WA、 &Reisfeld RA(1990), "Antibody conjugates with morpholinodoxorubicin and acid cleavable linkers",Bioconjugate Chem. I (5): 325-330),影響了 它們?cè)谛枰L(zhǎng)時(shí)間穩(wěn) 定性的情況中的應(yīng)用。例如,認(rèn)為在Mylotarg (a -CD33與細(xì)胞毒素卡奇霉素的一種抗 體-藥物綴合物)中腙的不穩(wěn)定性是導(dǎo)致了使所述藥物退出美國(guó)市場(chǎng)的致命原因之一 (Ducry L&Stump B(2009), "Antibody-Drug Conjugates:Linking Cytotoxic Payloads to Monoclonal Antibodies",Bioconjugate Chem. 21 (I) :5_13)。月虧被稱為對(duì)于水解 最穩(wěn)定的C = N連接,但是它對(duì)于在稀釋條件下的水解仍是熱力學(xué)不穩(wěn)定的,通過酸催 化過程而分解(Kalia J&Raines RT(2008),"Hydrolytic Stability of Hydrazones and Oximes",Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47(39) :7523-7526)。許多研宄人員發(fā)現(xiàn),在理想存 儲(chǔ)條件(低溫、高濃度、和中性或高pH)下的肟綴合物是動(dòng)力學(xué)穩(wěn)定的,并由此適合于短 期的實(shí)驗(yàn)室研宄(Hudak JE、Yu HH、&Bertozzi CR(2011), "Protein Glycoengineering Enabled by the Versatile Synthesis of Aminooxy Glycans and the Genetically Encoded Aldehyde Tag",J.Am.Chem.Soc. 133 (40):16127-16135) ;Shi X.等人 (2012), "Quantitative fluorescence labeling of aldehyde-tagged prot